Anees Bahji and colleagues published multiple meta-analyses on ketamine in mood and trauma-related disorders. A meta-analysis systematically summarizes the results of many individual studies, allowing for stronger statements about the actual magnitude of an effect.

For depression, Bahji’s work shows that ketamine (and the derivative form esketamine) can lead to a rapid reduction in symptoms in treatment-resistant depression, sometimes noticeable within hours. However, the effect is short-lived in a portion of patients and requires repeated administration or gradual treatment to maintain results.

For PTSD and trauma symptoms, the picture is more cautious. Bahji describes several smaller studies indicating a decrease in re-experiencing, hyperalertness, and intrusive thoughts after ketamine infusions, especially when combined with trauma-focused therapy. However, the number of studies is small, protocols vary widely, and long-term effects have not yet been sufficiently investigated.

A valuable contribution of the work is the trade-off between efficacy and risks. Ketamine has dissociative and addictive potential; repeated use outside of medical supervision can be harmful. Bahji therefore advocates for strict indication, careful follow-up, and integration into a broader treatment plan, rather than isolated infusions without context.

These insights are relevant for Dutch practice. Ketamine is already being used off-label for depression in some clinics, and Bahji’s findings help to critically monitor that application. For PTSD, it remains experimental.